Transformer Architecture · 2023

GQA: Training Generalized Multi-Query Transformer Models

Joshua Ainslie, James Lee-Thorp, Michiel de Jong, Yury Zemlyanskiy, Federico Lebron, Sumit Sanghai

Introduced grouped-query attention, an interpolation between multi-head and multi-query attention that shares each key/value head across a small group of query heads, plus a recipe to uptrain existing multi-head checkpoints into this form.

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Plain-language summary

GQA divides query heads into groups that each share one key/value head, giving a tunable point between full multi-head attention (best quality, large cache) and multi-query attention (smallest cache, some quality loss). The authors also show you can convert an already-trained multi-head model to GQA by mean-pooling its key/value heads and briefly continuing training. This recovers most of MQA's inference speedup while keeping quality close to multi-head, and it became the standard attention layout in LLaMA 2/3-scale models.

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Provenance

Record ID
P-009
Record created
2026-07-13
Last reviewed
2026-07-14
Record version
2

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