Interpretability & Safety · 2022

In-context Learning and Induction Heads

Catherine Olsson, Nelson Elhage, Neel Nanda, Nicholas Joseph, Chris Olah

Identified induction heads — attention heads that complete repeated patterns — and argued they are a primary mechanism behind in-context learning in Transformers.

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Plain-language summary

By tracking model behavior over training, the authors found that a phase change in in-context learning coincides with the formation of induction heads that look back for a previous occurrence of the current token and copy what followed. They present converging evidence that these heads drive much of a model’s ability to learn from its prompt. It connected a specific circuit to an emergent capability.

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Record ID
P-502
Record created
2026-07-13
Last reviewed
2026-07-14
Record version
2

Citation caveat: Citation metadata is approximate and marked unverified in the source dataset.