Data, Corpora & Tokenization · 2023

The RefinedWeb Dataset for Falcon LLM

Guilherme Penedo, Quentin Malartic, Daniel Hesslow, et al.

It showed that aggressive filtering and deduplication of Common Crawl alone can produce web text good enough to train competitive LLMs, challenging the assumption that curated sources like books and Wikipedia are required.

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Plain-language summary

The authors built a pipeline (MacroData Refinement) that applies URL filtering, language identification, trafilatura-based text extraction, quality heuristics, and both fuzzy and exact deduplication to Common Crawl at scale. From this they released RefinedWeb, a five-trillion-token web-only corpus, and trained Falcon models that matched or exceeded models trained on curated mixtures. This demonstrated that scale plus rigorous cleaning of raw web data can substitute for hand-picked high-quality sources, and provided a large open dataset for the community.

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  • ExtendsEvidence: Strongly supported

    The Pile

    RefinedWeb extends open-corpus practice with hard filtering

    P-124

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Provenance

Record ID
P-124
Record created
2026-07-13
Last reviewed
2026-07-14
Record version
2

Citation caveat: Citation metadata is approximate and marked unverified in the source dataset.